Student Name

Capella University

NURS-FPX6080 MSN Practicum: Professionalism in Person-Centered Care and the Workplace Environment

Professor Name

Submission Date

Person-Centered Self-Care Management Interview and Video Presentation

The presenter will analyze the application of motivational interviewing to support the self-management of health among nurses in advanced practice. The assessment will analyze new and emerging technologies, assimilated strategies of person-centered care, and the application of evidence-based counseling techniques to yield optimal results with the client. The client for this case example is Mr. R., 54 years old, of Hispanic descent, who was recently diagnosed with (Type II) diabetes, has low health literacy, is unmotivated to modify his health, and presents with multiple barriers to accessing health care (e.g., economic, linguistic).

Caring Relationships: Strategies to Promote Positive Outcomes

The successful attainment of optimal health outcomes is contingent upon the establishment of effective nurse-client relationships. With Mr. R., I adopted a culturally aware, as well as a non-judgmental approach to develop rapport in our initial meeting. I furthered the nurse-client relationship by utilizing active listening, demonstrating empathy, and keeping my word. Hall and Shearer (2025) assert that nurse-client relationships founded upon trust and respect lead to enhanced client involvement in the prescribed treatment regime(s) and greater adherence to self-management strategies. Within the continuum of clinical practice, caring relationships may be considered the “catalyst” for all other strategies of person-centered care.

Facilitating Difficult Conversations and Disclosure of Sensitive Information

While engaging in difficult conversations, having a framework that is deliberate, structured, and built on compassion helps to preserve the dignity and emotional safety of the individual. When considering Mr. R., the nurse used the SPIKES model to guide a difficult conversation, which in this case was about the long-term effects of poorly controlling his Type 2 Diabetes. The nurse also used a number of strategies to help Mr. R. through the difficult disclosure process, including a private, quiet room, use of simple language, and emotional validation. Mosler et al. (2023) assert that the use of a communication framework reduces the anxiety of the patient and improves the individual’s understanding of the difficult clinical situation. Well-conducted difficult conversations help to build the patient’s confidence, making him or her more likely to adopt the recommended therapeutic behavior.

Providing compassionate care to an individual often relies on the nurse’s ability to walk the fine line between being clinically frank and emotionally sensitive. The nurse also used a number of reflective listening and open-ended question strategies to ensure Mr. R. had time to mentally process the challenging information being presented. The nurse also showed cultural humility by being aware of the Hispanic culture’s family-dominated presence. Lindsey et al. (2024) found that communication that is culturally aware reduces the overall health disparity affecting the management of chronic diseases in children and builds patient trust. Using this approach of empathy and cultural sensitivity makes this type of conversation an opportunity to start a healing relationship that uplifts and empowers the patient.

Self-Care Management Strategies

Self-care management encourages patients to feel empowered to manage their long-term conditions. An example of a SMART goal for Mr. R. was to walk for 20 minutes a day. Another example was to consume fewer carbohydrates at each meal. To combat Mr. R.’s limited English speaking skills, bilingual, culturally relevant educational materials were utilized. According to Amoozadeh et al., culturally relevant self-management education improves the quality of life and glycemic control for Hispanic people with Type 2 Diabetes. Through the application of self-care, all patients receive the proper care, and the edges of personalized care are improved.

Cu Current and Emerging Technologies Supporting Self-Care Management

Recent advancements in technology provide patients with additional methods for independently managing chronic conditions. An example is the Nurse who introduced Mr. R. to a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) and the MySugr app (app). Mr. R was also provided the option to attend follow-up appointments via telehealth, eliminating the need for him to travel to the doctor’s office for his appointments. According to Kumbara et al., another study relating to the self-care glucometers, self-management, and glucose control of patients from different populations, digital tools aid in the improvement of self-care and glucose control. Integrated digital health tools support a flexible, real-time, and self-care decision support system.

Technology’s Potential to Improve Access and Outcomes for Diverse Persons

New health technologies may greatly diminish the health disparities and enhance the health of those who are health-system-underserved and of diverse populations. For example, the use of telehealth may dissolve the geographic, transportation, and time constraints of accessing services that are inequitable to low-income and minority patients, such as patient R. Health technologies that are multilingual may provide non-English-speaking patients with health education and improve their ability to communicate with their health care professionals. Moreover, Goldstein et al. (2023) found that health technologies that are digital and assist with the management of chronic diseases are helpful to engage underserved populations and enhance health equity. If these technologies are well-planned, they have an enormous potential to improve health equity and health outcomes for all persons, irrespective of their race or ethnicity.

Motivational Interviewing Techniques to Advance Wellness and Self-Care

Motivational interviewing (MI) employs collaborative and client-focused strategies that center around מאז Meltzer informing the client of his/her internal resistance to changing his/her behaviors. The nurse who counselled Mr. R. used the OARS techniques (open-ended questions, affirming, reflective listening, and summarizing) during the meeting to help direct the conversation. The nurse also used the stages of change model to assess Mr. R.’s readiness to change and subsequently determined that Mr. R. was at the contemplation stage (Sawaengsri et al., 2023). MI has been shown to improve the self-management of type 2 diabetes patients and improve the medication adherence level of the same target population. Within the context of the clinic, MI has shifted the role of the nurse from a directive role to that of a collaborative role within the patient’s health care plan.

Potential Benefits of Motivational Interviewing Techniques

The MI techniques used during the sessions helped Mr. R. to actively engage with and feel prepared to manage his diabetes. This also helped Mr. R. feel confident to make dietary changes and gave him personally significant reasons for doing this to improve his health. The non-judgmental MI style helped reduce Mr. R.’s defensiveness and increased his willingness to consider making changes to his lifestyle to become more compliant with his medications. According to Ramseier (2026), self-efficacy and health behavior changes of chronically ill populations are greatly enhanced by the MI approach. Focused on individually based interventions, MI helps to promote ongoing self-care even after the intervention has ended.

Evaluating Adequacy of Resources for Self-Care Management

For patients to achieve their own self-care management aims, an assessment of resources is required. The nurse evaluated Mr. R’s assessment of the availability of healthy food, transportation, internet, and social support at home. A follow-up appointment was scheduled for two weeks to assess the SMART goals, barriers to self-management, and the care plan, and to make the necessary adjustments. Noordman et al. (2023) noted that continued assessment of resources with personalized follow-up is essential to patient success with self-management of chronic disease. Assessing a patient’s resources helps to maintain the effectiveness, equity, and responsiveness of the care plan to the patient’s needs.

Solutions When Available Resources Are Inadequate

To bridge the gap of unavailable resources for patients to community-based or alternative support systems, nurses must intentionally link the resources to the patients. Mr. R, for example, was referred to a federally qualified health center that offers free diabetes education and Community Health Workers (CHWs) services. The nurse also found free bilingual diabetes apps and low-cost telehealth services to bridge the gap between clinic visits to help Mr. R. attain better health outcomes. In addition, Hessler et al. (2022) noted that community health worker programs and social service referrals improve diabetes self-management for patients by addressing barriers associated with the social determinants of health. Through the combination of resourcefulness, creativity, and advocacy for a variety of self-care resources, nurses will overcome the barriers that prevent the self-care goals of their patients from being fully realized.

Conclusion

The research shows some of the new advancements in technology, motivational theory, and behavioral science techniques to aid Self-Care for individuals with type 2 diabetes. The nurse worked with Mr. R. to encourage the use of research-based techniques in the creation of a supportive relationship, a safe space for difficult conversations, and culturally appropriate SMART goal setting. The nurse also used technology and tools such as Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs), digital health applications, and telehealth systems to increase Mr. R’s access to health care and to help him sustain self-management over a considerable period. The equity and responsiveness of the health care provided were monitored over time and were in agreement with Mr. R’s goals and preferences.